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
???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????.
????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????.
???? ????? ?????? ?????????
??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????.
??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????[1]? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????.[2]? ?????? ??????? ??? [3]Zipline? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????.
???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????[4]? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? (agile financing) ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? (UN Global Pulse) ??????[5]? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? "??????? ????????" ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????[6]? ??? ??????? ????????.[7]
???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ????. ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????.
???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????
????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????.
??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????[8]? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????[9]? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????[10]? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???[11]? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????[12]? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????. ???? ????????? ????????? (Neuralink) ?(Kernel) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????[13]? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????[14]? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????.
???? ??????? ?????????? "??? ????" ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????.[15]? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????[16]? ?? 5000 ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? Cloud Walk[17]? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????.
????? ??????? ??????
?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????.
?? ?????? ????? ?????? (Deepfake)[18]? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.
???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? (???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????). ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (Deepfake) ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????.
?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????.
????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????
???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? "????????? ?????????"? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????.
??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????.
??? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ??? ????? ?? "????????? ???????" ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????.
?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????
?? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????. ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????
???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????.
???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? "?????? ??? ?????". ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????.
???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? 1) ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?2) ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?3) ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????.
??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????.
???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? "?????? ????????? ???????? ????????" ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (UNU) ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????.
???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
???????
?
[1] Daniel Shu Wei Ting and others, "Development and validation of a deep learning system for diabetic retinopathy and related eye diseases using retinal images from multiethnic populations with diabetes", The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 318, No. 22 (12 December 2017), p.p. 2211-2223. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[2] Claire Asher, "Artificial Intelligence to boost liquid biopsies", The Scientist, 26 June 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[3] ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? (Zipline International) ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[4] World Bank, Famine Action Mechanism (FAM). ???? ??? ?????? ??????: (?? ?????? ???? ?? 4 ????? ?????/ ??????? 2018).
[5] Alexandra Olteanu and others, "The effect of extremist violence on hateful speech online", Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, 16 April 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[6] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Laboratory, "Predicting students' wellbeing from physiology, phone, mobility, and behavioral data". ???? ??? ?????? ??????: wellbeing-from-physiology-phone-mobility-and-behavioral-data/overview/ (?? ?????? ???? ?? 4 ????? ?????/ ??????? 2018).
[7] Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Laboratory, "Affective learning companion: Exploring the role of emotion in propelling the SMET learning process". ???? ??? ?????? ??????: (?? ?????? ???? ?? 4 ????? ?????/ ??????? 2018).
[8] ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: /.
[9] Federal Trade Commission, "Complaint and request for investigation, injunction, and other relief", 6 December 2016. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[10] ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? "MediaRebel"? ???? ???? (Affectiva) ??? ?????? ??????: .
[11] Minda Zetlin, "AI is now analyzing candidates' facial expressions during video job interviews", Inc., 28 February 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[12] Jordan Novet, "Facebook is using A.I. to help predict when users may be suicidal", CNBC, 21 February 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[13] Rafael Yuste and others, "Four ethical priorities for neurotechnologies and AI", Nature, vol. 551 (8 November 2017). ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[14] Stephen Chen, "¡®Forget the Facebook leak¡¯: China is mining data directly from workers¡¯ brains on an industrial scale", South China Morning Post, 29 April 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[15] Hua Xiansheng, "City brain and comprehensive urban cognition", Alibaba ? Cloud, blog, 30 September 2017. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[16] Wenxin Fan, Natasha Khan and Liza Lin, "China snares innocent and guilty alike to build world¡¯s biggest DNA database", The Wall Street Journal, 26 December 2017. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[17] ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? (CloudWalk)? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: .
[18] Hilke Schellman,"Deepfake videos are getting real and that¡¯s a problem", The Wall Street Journal, 15October 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
?
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
?
?
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
