51³Ô¹Ï

§®§Ú§â §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§å§ä§î (§Ò§ð§ã§ä §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú)  , UNNY338G, 2022, §²§Ñ§Þ §£§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ø§Ú §³§å§ä§Ñ§â
Title

§®§Ú§â §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§å§ä§î (§Ò§ð§ã§ä §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú)

§ª§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â §á§à§Õ§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ: 
UNNY338G

§¿§ä§à§ä §á§à§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Ü ¡ª §Ò§â§à§ß§Ù§à§Ó§í§Û §Ò§ð§ã§ä §Ô-§ß§Ñ §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ä§Þ§í §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú (1869-1948). §¤-§ß §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ð§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ï§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Þ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§Ö §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §°§ß §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§ß§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ. §£ 1947 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §à§ä §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. 
§¤-§ß §²§Ñ§Þ §£§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ø§Ú §³§å§ä§Ñ§â, 1925 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§à§â. §³§å§ä§Ñ§â ¡ª §Þ§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§â§à§ß§Ù§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â §Ó §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö. §©§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §ç§å§Õ§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§ä§Ñ§â §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ. §¦§Ô§à §³§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ñ §¦§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ¡ª §Ó§í§ã§à§é§Ñ§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ñ §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§à§Û §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 522 §æ§å§ä§à§Ó, §Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§Ñ §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ä§Þ§í §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§ñ§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç. 
§¤-§ß §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð, §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§à§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §ä§à§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §á§à §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§å§ð §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§Ú§â§å. §±§à§Õ §Ò§ð§ã§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §è§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú: ?§±§å§ä§Ú §Ü §Þ§Ú§â§å §ß§Ö§ä, §Þ§Ú§â §Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§å§ä§î?. 

§¿§ä§à§ä §Ò§â§à§ß§Ù§à§Ó§í§Û §Ò§ð§ã§ä §Ô-§ß§Ñ §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ä§Þ§í §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§Õ§Ñ§â§Ö§ß §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §°§°§¯. 
§£ 2007 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §â§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú A/RES/61/271 §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ö§ß§î §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô-§ß§Ñ §¤§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú 2 §à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§ñ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Ó§à§Õ §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Õ§Ö§ð §ß§Ö§ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ó §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.

§²§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß-§Õ§à§ß§à§â:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§¡§Ù§Ú§Ñ§ä§ã§Ü§à-§´§Ú§ç§à§à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ
§¥§à§ß§à§â:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§ª§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ
§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§³§Ü§å§Ý§î§á§ä§å§â§Ñ
§®§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§í:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§¢§â§à§ß§Ù§Ñ
§³§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§¢§â§à§ß§Ù§Ñ
§®§Ö§ã§ä§à§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö): 
§¯§Ñ§â§å§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú
§¥§Ñ§ä§Ñ §á§à§Ø§Ö§â§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: 
§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ 14, 2022
§·§å§Õ§à§Ø§ß§Ú§Ü §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î: 
§²§Ñ§Þ §£§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ø§Ú §³§å§ä§Ñ§â
§²§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§í:&²Ô²ú²õ±è;
§£: 237 §ã§Þ x §º: 173 §ã§Þ x §¤: 122 §ã§Þ