One year from the onset of the pandemic, recovery spending has fallen short of nations鈥� commitments to build back more sustainably. An analysis of spending by leading economies, led by Oxford鈥檚 Economic Recovery Project and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), finds only 18.0% of announced recovery spending can be considered 鈥榞reen.鈥�
The report,听,听calls for governments to invest more sustainably and tackle inequalities as they stimulate growth in the wake of the devastation wrought by the pandemic.
The most听comprehensive analysis of COVID-19-related fiscal rescue and recovery efforts by 50 leading economies so far, the report reveals that only $368bn of $14.6tn COVID-induced spending (rescue and recovery) in 2020 was green.
UNEP鈥檚 Executive Director, Inger Andersen: 鈥淗umanity is facing a pandemic, an economic crisis and an ecological breakdown - we cannot afford to lose on any front. Governments have a unique chance to put their countries on sustainable trajectories that prioritize economic opportunity, poverty reduction and planetary health at once - the Observatory gives them the tools to navigate to more sustainable and inclusive recoveries.鈥�
Brian O鈥機allaghan, lead researcher at the Oxford University Economic Recovery Project and the report鈥檚 author: 鈥淒espite positive steps towards a sustainable COVID-19 recovery from a few leading nations, the world has so far fallen short of matching aspirations to build back better. But opportunities to spend wisely on recovery are not yet over. Governments can use this moment to secure long-term economic, social, and environmental prosperity.鈥�
鈥淥ur ability to better inform and monitor the investments made by countries to address the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic听is听vital to keep the green, inclusive recovery on track,鈥� says Achim Steiner, UNDP Administrator. 鈥淚n this respect, the Global Recovery Observatory and UNDP鈥檚 Data Futures Platform offer policymakers a rich new set of data points and insights 鈥� expanding access to such resources will help to increase the transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of the investments being made now and their impact on our sustainable future.鈥�
Professor of Environmental Economics at Oxford, Cameron Hepburn: 鈥淭his report is a wake-up call. The data from the听Global Recovery Observatory show that we听are not building back better, at least not yet. We know a green recovery would be a win for the economy as well as the climate - now we need to get on with it.鈥�
The report emphasizes that green recovery can bring stronger economic growth, while helping to meet global environmental targets and addressing structural inequality. To keep decades of progress against poverty from unwinding, low-income countries will require substantial concessional finance from international partners.
It raises five key questions for the road to sustainable recovery:
- What is at stake as countries commit unprecedented resources to recovery?
- What spending pathways could enhance economic recovery and environmental sustainability?
- What is the role of recovery spending in addressing inequalities exacerbated by COVID-19?
- What kind of recovery investments countries are currently making to tackle climate change, nature loss, and pollution?
- What more needs to be done to ensure a sustainable and equitable recovery?
On the whole, so far global green spending 鈥渉as been incommensurate with the scale of ongoing environmental crises,鈥� according to the report, including climate change, nature loss, and pollution, missing significant social and long-term economic benefits.
Key findings of the analysis in terms of recovery spending:
- 听$341bn or 18.0%听of spending was green, mostly accounted for by a small group of high-income countries. Global recovery spending has so far missed the opportunity for green investment.
- $66.1bn was invested in low carbon energy, largely thanks to Spanish and German subsidies for renewable energy projects and hydrogen and infrastructure investments.
- $86.1bn announced for green transport听through electric vehicle transfers and subsidies, investments in public transport, cycling and walking infrastructure.
- $35.2bn听was announced for green building upgrades听to increase energy efficiency, mostly through retrofits, notably in France and the UK.
- $56.3bn听was announced for natural capital or Nature based Solutions 颅(NbS)鈥撎�ecosystem regeneration initiatives and reforestation. Two-fifths was directed towards public parks and counter pollution measures, notably in the US and China, improving quality of life and addressing environmental concerns.
- $28.9bn听was announced in green R&D. Green R&D includes renewable energy technologies, technologies for decarbonising sectors such as aviation, plastics, and agriculture, and carbon sequestration. Without progress in green R&D, meeting the Paris Agreement targets would require far-reaching pricing and lifestyle changes.
