???? ??? ?????? ????? 27 ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? 10 ?????? ?? ???????????.[i] ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? 11.3 ?????? ?? ??? 1995 ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? 24.3 ??????.[ii] ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????¡ª????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????¡ª ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????.
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 30 ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.[iii] ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????.[iv] ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? 5 ??? 10 ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????[v])? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????[vi] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????.[vii] ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????.
??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???. ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? (??????? ??? ??? ??????) ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????.[viii] ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????¡ª??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????¡ª?? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? 50 ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.[ix] ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????. ?? ????? ??? 2018? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????.[x] ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? "?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????" ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????.
?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? (SDG)? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? (???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????)? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.[xi] ?????? ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????.[xii] ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????¡ª??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????: ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????.
???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????: ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? "??????" ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? (???? ?? ??? ??????).[xiii] ?? ????? ??? 2019? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????.[xiv] ?? ??? 2015? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????.[xv] ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.
??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? (?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????) ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????¡ª??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????¡ª???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????¡ª?? ???????¡ª???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????¡ª????? ?? ?????????¡ª??? ??? ??????.
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[i]???????? ????????? ??????? "?????? ?? ?????????? ???????"? ?? 1 ???? / ??????? 2019. ????? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[ii].??????? ????.
[iii]? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? "????? ????????? ?????? ?????: ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? "? ????????????? ?????? 55? ????? 5 ? ? 1905-1934 (????? ?????/ ?????? 2018). ????? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[iv] Monika Bauhr, Nicholas Charron and Lena W?ngnerud, ¡°Close the political gender gap to reduce corruption: How women's political agenda and risk aversion restricts corrupt behaviour¡±, in U4 Brief 2018:3, Anti-Corruption Resources Centre), Monica Kirya, ed. (Norway, Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI), 2018)? ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[v] Beth Ann Bovino and Jason Gold, ¡°The Key to Unlocking U.S. GDP Growth? Women¡±, (S&P Global, 2017). ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?
[vi]? Vera Baboun, ¡°Creating Inclusive Cities with Gender Policies¡±, NewCities, 5 March 2018. ????? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[vii] Lakshmi Iyer, Prachi Mishra, Anandi Mani and Petia Topalova, ¡°The Power of Political Voice: Women¡¯s Political Representation and Crime in India¡±, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(4) (2012): 165-193. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[viii] Leah Culhane and Jemima Olchawski, ¡°Strategies for success: Women's experiences of selection and election in UK Parliament¡±, Fawcett Society (London, 2018). ?
???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[ix] ¡°How Many Teenage Girls Aspire To Be President Of The United States?¡±, The Mother List, 26 February 2014. ????? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[x] ????? ?. ?????????? "???? ?????: ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????"? ?????? ????? 4 ????/ ????? 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[xi] Sandra Pepera, ¡°Why Women in Politics?¡±, Women Deliver. 28 February 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[xii] Sarah Kliff, ¡°The research is clear: electing more women changes how government works¡±, Vox, updated 8 March 2017. ????? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[xiii] Andrea C. Vial and Jaime L. Napier, ¡°Unnecessary Frills: Communality as a Nice (But Expendable) Trait in Leaders¡±, Frontiers in Psychology, 15 October 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[xiv] Suzanne Moore, ¡°Jacinda Ardern is showing the world what real leadership is: sympathy, love and integrity¡±, The Guardian (US edition). 18 March 2019.
???? ??? ?????? ??????:?.
[xv]????? ?????? "??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????"? ????? ???????????? 24 ????/ ?????? 2015. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
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