51勛圖

????? ??????? ?????????: ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????

??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????.

?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 2015 ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ???? ???? ??? ????? 15 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????.

?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? - ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? - ?? ????? ???????.

????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? 2030. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????-19. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? 18 ? 19 ?????? 2023 ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????.


?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????

?? ??? 2020? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? (?????? ??? ??? ?? 2.15 ??????? ???????? ?? ?????) ??? 724 ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? (????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????).

??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? 9.3 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2020 ??? 8.8 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2021. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????.

????? ????? ??? 2022? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 8.4% ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? 670 ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ??????? ???? 30 ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? 1990 ?2015 ?? ?? 1.9 ????? ??? 731 ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????????.

??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????.

???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????????. (1986) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ??????? ??????

????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????. (2008) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ????

?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????

?? ??? 2022? ???? ????? 9.2 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? 735 ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 122 ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? 2019. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????.

?????? 735 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2050? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????.

??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 2030? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????.

????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? 6 ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????. (2017) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ?????

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. (2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????

?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ???? 146 ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? 200 ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? 52 ?? ?????? ??? ??? 2010? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? 47 ????.

??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?????-19 ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? 3. ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????.

???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2030. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????.

??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????.

???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. (???????? 2013) ????????/ ?????? ??????????

????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????. (2009) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ??????

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????

??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????-19 ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? 104 ???? ?????? ???????.

??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? 84 ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? 300 ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????.

???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2030? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????.

??????? ????? 4? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????.

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????. (2013) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. (2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ???? ????

????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????

???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????.

?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? 23 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????.

?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????-19: ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? 70% ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? 300 ???? ?286 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?140 ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?47 ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????.

???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? 5. ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????.

???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????.

A woman boxing

????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????/ ????? ??????

????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? "???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????". (???????? 2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ???????? ?????

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????

?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????.

?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? 2020? ???? 2.4 ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????.

?? ??? 2022? ?? ???? 2.2 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? 703 ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? 3.5 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1.5 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ? 2 ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 653 ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????.

?? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? 2015 ?2022? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? 69 ?? ?????? ??? 73 ?? ??????.

??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 2030.

?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? 6 ????? ??? 2030. ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. (???????? 2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ???????? ????

??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????. (2002) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ??????

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????

????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 60 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????.

??? ??? 2015 ??? ??? 2021? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? 87 ?? ?????? ??? 91 ?? ??????. ?? ??? 2021? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 268 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ??? 2021? ?? ???? ???? 675 ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????.

?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 2030 ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? 2030? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.

??? ???? "???" ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. (2014) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ??????

??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. (2014) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ??????

????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????

??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2023? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????.

??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? (?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????)? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2022? ??? ????? ??? 5.4 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? 6.6 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2020 ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????-19. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? 5.5 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2019.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???: ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? 21500 ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. (2009) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ?????

A woman planting a moringa tree

?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? "Partenariat Recherches Environnement Medias" ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (10 ?????? 2015). ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?? ?????

????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????

?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????-19??? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? 3.3 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2022? ??? ?? ??? 7.4 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2021.

??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? 2030. ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????.

???????? ?? ??? 2022? ???? 95% ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????.

???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? - ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? - ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????? ????? 9 ????? ??? 2030? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? - ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? (????????) - ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? 1 ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. (2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ???? ?????

?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? "??????? ???? ?????" ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????. (2012) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ???????? ????

???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????

???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

???? ??? 40 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????-19 ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???.

??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????.

????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????.

????????? (??? ??????)? 9 ?????? ??????? 4 ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? (2013). ????????/??????? ??????

???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (1985). ??? ????? ???????/ ?????? ?????

??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????

???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 70 ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2050.

?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? 1990? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? 10 ?????? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? 2014? ???? 28 ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? 453 ????? ???.

????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ??? 2020? ??? ?? ???? ???? 1.1 ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????.

?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????.

???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? 2018 ????? ?????? "????? ?? ???" (WSP) ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? 24 ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? 100 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. (2019) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ??????

???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????????????? (????? ??????????)? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. (2016) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ?????? ??????

???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????

??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 9.8 ????? ???? ????? ??? 2050? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2020 ??? ??? 2021.

??? ??? 2021? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? 732 ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2020 ????? ??? 375 ????? ?????.

?? ??? 2021? ??? ????? ?? ?? 828 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 13.2 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????.

???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? 70 ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? 2021.

??? ??? 2022? ???? 67 ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? 50 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2020.

????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? 2030.

?????? ?????? "????? ????? ?????" ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. (?????? 2010) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ?????

???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. (??????? 2010) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ??? ???? ?????

????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????

???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????.

?? ?????? ??? 2010 ?2020? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 3.3 ??? 3.6 ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 15 ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????.

?? ??? 2022? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1993.

????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.

?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 2004. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. (?????????? 2012) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ???????? ?. ???

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. (2010) ????? ??????/ ???? ?????

??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????

???? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 97% ?? ???? ?????? ????? 99% ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 17 ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 2021? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 2040.

?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? 8.1? ?? ???? ????? ???? 30 ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????.

??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? (2016). ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????/ ???? ?????

??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? (2017). ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????/ ????? ??????

????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????.

????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? 31.9 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2000 (4.2 ????? ?????) ??? 31.2 ?? ?????? (4.1 ????? ?????) ?? ??? 2020.

?? ??? 2021? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? 26.2 ?? ?????? ?? 7.7 ????? ????? ?? ??? 2020 ??? 9.8 ????? ?????.

?? ??? 2022? ???? 21% ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????.

??? ???? 2015 ?2019? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 100 ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1.3 ????? ???.

??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.

??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. (2016) ?????? ????? ??????? ????????/ ???? ?????

??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. (2017) ?????? ????? ??????? ??????/ ????? ??????

??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????

????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.

????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? 12 ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? 53 ?? ?????? ??? ???? 2021 ?2022? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 2030 ?? ??? 2015. ??? ??? 2022 ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 50%? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????????.

???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???.

????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????.

???????? ?? ????? ??? 2022? ??? ??? ???????? ????? 108.4 ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? - ?????? ????? 19 ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 2021 ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????.

??? ??? 2021? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? 458 ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????.

????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.

????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2013. (2013) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ??????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 1948. (2011) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ????? ??????

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????

?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? - ???????? ???????? - ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????.

?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.

??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? 9 ????????? ????? ?? ??? 2021? ?????? ????? ????? 5.6 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2020.

?? ??? 2022? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? 12.3 ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 32 ??????? ?????.

??? ??? 2022 ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? 206 ??????? ?????.

??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????.

??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????. (2015) ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????/ ??? ???

U???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? "??? ?????? ??????? ????????" ?? ??????? ?????. (2017) ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????/ ???? ????????

???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????


???? "?????? ????" ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????.

"?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? 2030? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 30% ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? 2030 ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????." 每 ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????. ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????.

???? "?????? ????" ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???????.

?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????.

???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? - ?????????? ??????????? ???????? - ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? 2020 ??? ?????? ?? ????? 2023