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???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 2030.
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???? ([i]) ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? 13??? 16 ????/????? 2015 (???????. ????? ???????? 2015)? ? 7. ???? ??? ??????: ..
???? ([ii]) ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????: Clemens Breisinger and others, "Building resilience to conflict through food-security policies and programs: an overview", 2020 Conference Brief 3, 15-17 May, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Washington, D.C., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2014) ????? ??? ??????: overview..
?? ([iii]) Abdul-Karim Sadik, Mahmoud El-Solh and Najib Saab, eds., “Food security: challenges and prospects”, Arab Environment-7: Food Security, Annual Report of the Arab Forum for Environment and Development 2014 (Beirut, Lebanon, the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED), 2014), p. 21.. ???? ??? ??????: .
??? ([iv]) Sanduq (pl. sanadiq) Is a “savings box”. In the context of IFAD programmes in Syria, the term sanduq refers to an autonomous mlcrofinance institution that is owned and managed by its members—a novel concept in a centralized banking system.
??? ([v]) Jean-Fran?ois Maystadt, Margherita Calderone and Liangzhi You, “Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan,” Journal of Economic Geography, (September 2014), p. 19.
??? ([vi]) ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2008: ??????? ???????? (?????? ???????? 2007). ??6. ???? ??? ??????:
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