51吃瓜

???????? ?????? ?????
(???????)

???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1989. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? 1995? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? 600 ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????.

???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????

??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? 000 30 ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???:

• ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? (2009)?
• ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? (2008)
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (2005)?
• ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? (2001)?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (2005)?
• ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? (Operation Brightsight Project) ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (1999).

????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????
(????????)

??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1939 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1961. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? (1974) ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1976.

??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1979 ??? ??? 1984.

??? ??? 1976 ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????: ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1989 ??? ??? 1995? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????.

???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? - ?????. ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????/????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????.

????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2006 ??? ??? 2012? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? - ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2007 ??? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????.

??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????: ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????.

???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???:

• ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (2008)? ???????? ??????? (2010)? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? (2014)?
• ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? 2004 ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? (2004)?
• ????? ?????? - ?????? ??????? ???? (2008)?
• ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? (2011) ?? ????? ???????.