??????? ??????? ?????????
???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???????.
2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2008
??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? "?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????". ??????: ???? ?? ????? ??????? / ????? ?????????.
2020
????? ?????? "?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????-19"
?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????-19 ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? "????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????". ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????-19 ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????.
??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????-19 ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????-19. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????-19 ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????.
??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????-19. ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????-19.
2019
???? ???? ?????? "?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????"
?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? 18 ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? "?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????" ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 17 ?????? 2019.
???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????.
2018
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????
?? ????? 10 ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? 48 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ADL ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
2016
???? ???? ?????? "????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????"
??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? "????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? - ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????". ?? ??? ???? ?? 33000 ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 29 ?30 ?????? 1941. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? 100000 ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? 1941 ?1945. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????.
???? ???? ?????? "??? ??????? - ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????"
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? "??? ??????? - ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????". ???? ??? ????? ?? 4 ???? 2016 ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? "??????? ??????? ?????? ????" ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????.
2015
???? ???? ?????? "??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????"
???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? 18 ?????? 2015.
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1938? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? 75 ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????.
????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? 1995? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? 1994
??? ??????? ???????? "????????? - ???? ???????? ???? ???????"
?? 28 ????? 2015? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? B¡¯nai B¡¯rith International ????? ?????? "????????? - ???? ???????? ???? ???????"? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????.
??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????.
2014
???? ???? ?????? "????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? (1943-1949): ?????? ??????? ?????????"
??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? "????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ??????? ?????????"? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? 11 ?????? 2014 ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????
???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????.
???? ???? ?????? "?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????"
????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? 30 ????? ???????.
??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ORT "???????? ????????".
2013
???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????
??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2013 ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????. ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????.
???? ???? ?????? ????? "???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????"? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? (????? ???? ????? "??????? ????????"). ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2013 ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? "????? ??????" - ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? 12 ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????.
2012
????? ???? ?????? "??????? ?? ????: ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????"
?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? "??????????"? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? 7 ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? "??????? ?? ????: ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????". ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? 800 ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????.
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????.
???? ???? ?????? "?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????: ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????"
?? 8 ?????? 2012? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????.
???? ???? "??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????"
????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? - ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 19 ?????? 2012. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
???? ???? ?????? "????????: ????? ?? ??? ???????"
?? ?????? ?? ??? 1975 ??? ??? 1979? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? 30 ???? 2012 ?? ??????.
???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? "????????: ????? ??? ???????"? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????.
???? ???? "?????? ????? ??????: 50 ??? ??? ???????"
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 23 ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1961? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? "?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? The Forward. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????.
2011
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? "??????? ????????? ??? ???????"
?? 9 ?????? 2011? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? "??????? ????????? ??? ???????"? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????. ? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????.
???? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????.
2008
???? ????: "?? ???? ???? ????"
?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 9 ?10 ?????? 1938 ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? "?? ???? ???? ????" ?? 10 ??????.
????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? 16 ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? CUNY? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????.