11 ?????/?????? 2017

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???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?????? 12 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? "????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????".

????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? "?? ???"? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???????. ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? "???? ?????"? "????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????"? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????" ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????".3

?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????.4 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? "???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????". ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 18 ?????.5

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??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (UNICEF) ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016 "??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????". ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????".6 ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? 53% ??? ??? 1990 7? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? 2000 ?2015 ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????. ???? ???? 2000 ?2015? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.8 ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? 24 ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? (MDG)? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? 1990 ?2015. 9

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????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ?? "86% ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 3 ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? (DTP) ?? ??? 2015? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 85% ??? ??? 2010. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? 19.4 ?????? ????? 33.8 ????? ?? ??? 2000 ".10

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?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. "?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? 78% ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? - ?? 456,000 ?? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? 1,200 ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? 50 ????? ?? ???? ".11 ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? 40% ??? ??? 2000? ??? ????? ???? 4.3 ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? 2001 ?2013. 12

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???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ??? 2015? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 1990? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? 37 ??? 13 ???? ???? ??? 1000 ????? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? 2012? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? 1000 ????? ??.17

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??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????.

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??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????. "?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? 2013? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 15 ?19 ?????? ???? ????? ?? 250,000 ????? ?? ???????."20. ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

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?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA) ?? ?????? ?????? Girlhood, Not Motherhood: Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy (?????? ????????: ??? ??? ?????????) ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? "???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? 15 ?19 ??? ?? ?????? ?? 1950 ??? 1955? ???? ????? ????? 170 ???? ????? ??? 1000 ????? ??? ??? 2010 ???? ???? 106 ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? 106 ???? ????? ??? 1000 ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????".23

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????? ???? [???? ??] ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????: ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. ... ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????.25

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???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? (WHO) ??? 14 % ?? ?????????? ?18% ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 13 ?15 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?5% ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 15 ?29 ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.26 ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????.

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1 ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????.

2 ??? ?. ?????? (Beth A. Simmons)? Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics (????? ???????? ????? ???????: ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????) (????????? ????? ????? ????????? 2009)? ????? 332? 337-348.

3 ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? 993? ??? 14531? ?????? 2(1).

4 Philip Alston (????? ??????)? ?Gerard Quinn (?????? ????)? "The nature and scope of States Parties¡¯ obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????)"? Human Rights Quarterly (??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????)? ?????? 9? ??? 2 (????/ ???? 1987)? ??????? 156 ??? 229.?

5 ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? 1577? ??? 27531? ?????? 1.

6 ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (UNICEF)? ?The State of the World¡¯s Children 2016 (???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016)? ????? (??????? 2016)? ???? 6? ???? ????.

7 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (UN IGME)? "??????? ???????? ????? ???????"? ????? 2015? (???????? UNICEF? ?????/ ?????? 2015)/ ???? 3. ???? ??? ?????? ?.

8 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? 12.

9??????? ????.

10 ????? ????? ???????? (WHO)? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????. 18 ????? ???/ ?????? 2016. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? (WHO)? ??????? ????? ????? ????????-????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? 2015? ???? 194 ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? 2015. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? (?? ?????? ???? ?? 17 ????? ???/ ????? 2017)? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? "???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????: ??????? ??? 2015 ?????? ???????: ??????? ????? ????? ????????/????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? (???????? ????? ?? ????/ ????? 2016)"? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? (IVB)? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ?.

11 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? "???????? ???? 1200 ??? ??????: UNICIF"? ???? ?????? 23 ?????/ ????? 2015. ???? ????.

12??????? ????.

13 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? 3? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (UNIGME)? "??????? ???????? ????? ???????"? ???? 3. ?

14 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? "??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????: "??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????" (???????? 2016)? ???? 3. ???? ??? ?????? ?(Web).pdf.

15 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? 10? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????: ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? 2015 (???????? 2015)? ???? 35. ???? ????

16 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? 5? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? (????? 2014)? ???? 13. ???? ??? ?????? ?. ?

17 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (UN IGME)? "??????? ???????? ????? ???????"? ???? 24? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2016? ???? 10.

18 ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????: ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????????. 2014. ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????/?????? (UNAIDS)? "?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????: ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (????? 2016)? ???? 2. ???? ??? ?????? ?.

19 ?????? ????? ???? 6

20 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????: ???? ???? ?????? 2016 (???????? 2016)? ???? 32. ???? ??? ?????? ?.

21 20 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????: ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? (???????? 2012)? ???? 10. ???? ??? ??????? 51³Ô¹Ï Population Fund (UNFPA),???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 33.

22 ???? ??????? "????????: ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????"? ??????? ?????? 387? ??? 10036 (????/ ???? 2016)? ????? 2423 ??? 2478 (2430). ???? ??? ???????(16)00579-1.pdf. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 33.

23 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ???????? ???? ???????: ??? ??? ????????? (???????? 2015)? ???? 7. ???? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? 2015. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ? (?? ?????? ???? ?? 17 ????? ???/ ?????? 2017).

24 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 24? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????: ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? 2000 ?2012? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 10 ?19 ?????. ??? 2016. ???? ??? ???????(?? ?????? ???? ?? 22 ??????/ ?????? 2016)??

25 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNFPA)? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? 34? ???? ??????? "????????: ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????"? ??????? ?????? 387? ??? 10036 (????/ ???? 2016)? ??????? 2423-2478??

26 ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????: ???????. 2017. ???? ??? ?????? ?(?? ?????? ???? ?? 17 ????? ???/ ?????? 2017)? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? #YouthStats? "????? ?????? ???????". ???? ??? ?????? (?? ?????? ???? ?? 20 ????? ???/ ??????? 2016)? ????? ????? ????????? "???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????"? ?????/???? 2015. ???? ??? ?????? ?.

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