51³Ô¹Ï

§¥§à§Ò§â§à §á§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §°§°§¯. §¿§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§ê §Þ§Ú§â!

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §³§å§Õ

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §³§å§Õ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú

?§¢§Ö§Ù §Ó§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§é§î §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§í §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ä §Ö§Þ§å §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à?.

§¥§Ú§Ö§Ô§å §¶§â§Ö§Û§ä§Ñ§ê §Õ§å §¡§Þ§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý
§±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î 50-§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §°§°§¯
50-§ñ §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó§ë§Ú§ß§Ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ, 1996 §Ô§à§Õ

§©§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã §Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§Ý §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 120 §Õ§Ö§Ý, 80 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ã§á§à§â§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ 20 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó ¡ª §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§í §à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú .

§£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú§Û §à§Ò§Ù§à§â §á§â§Ö§è§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ.

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §ã§á§â§à§ã §ß§Ñ §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ú §³§å§Õ§Ñ?

§³§å§Õ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ.

§£ §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý.

§³ 1985 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Õ§Ö§Ý, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î, §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý (§ï§ä§à §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Õ§à 25 §Ó 1999 §Ô§à§Õ§å). §¿§ä§Ñ §è§Ú§æ§â§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§Ü§â§à§Þ§ß§à§Û, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§ñ§Ø§å§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ó §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§å§Õ§Ñ§ç (§Ý§Ú§ê§î §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 210 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §³§å§Õ§å), §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Õ§Ö§Ý, §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í§Þ §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§å§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó §ã§å§Õ§Ö§Ò§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ú, §é§Ö§Þ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú; §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §³§å§Õ§å §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú ?§ã§å§Õ§Ö§Ò§ß§å§ð §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§Ü§å?; §é§Ö§Þ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à§ß§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ, §ä§Ö§Þ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à§ß§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§í §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ.

§£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §³§å§Õ§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§á§à§â§í §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ?

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§í §Õ§Ö§Ý §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §á§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó. §©§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§á§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ñ §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ. §¥§â§å§Ô§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ. §³§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ã§á§à§â§í §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§í. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü §³§å§Õ§å §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§í §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ñ§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à-§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Ü §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à.

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó?

§¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§ë§î: §à§ß§Ú §Ò§à§â§à§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§ð, §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í, §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Þ§à§â§ð, §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î §ß§Ñ§Õ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¯§Ö§å§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §é§ä§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §³§å§Õ§à§Þ §ã§á§à§â§í §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó.

§£ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Õ§Ö§Ý, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è.

§µ§Ó§Ö§ß§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§à§Þ?

§¥§Ñ. §³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§ß§Ö§ã §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó, §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ü §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú, §ß§à §Ú §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó 1962 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ç§â§Ñ§Þ §±§â§Ö§Ñ§ç-§£§Ú§ç§Ö§Ñ§â, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §á§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ò§à§Ô§à§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§ç§Þ§Ö§â§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ö§Þ §´§Ñ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ §ã 1954 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §¬§Ñ§Þ§Ò§à§Õ§Ø§Ú §Ú §é§ä§à §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §´§Ñ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ó§í§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §Ó§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§í, §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù-§á§à§Õ §â§å§Ú§ß. §´§Ñ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§Ý §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ.

§³§å§Õ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§á§à§â§Ñ§ç §Ú §å§Ø§Ö §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ.

§£ 1986 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §á§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§á§à§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¢§å§â§Ü§Ú§ß§Ñ-§¶§Ñ§ã§à §Ú §®§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§å§ð §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§ð, §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§à§Û, §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §³§å§Õ§à§Þ.

§£ 1992 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ, §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §³§å§Õ§à§Þ, §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§Ö§è §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú 90 §Ý§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §³§Ñ§Ý§î§Ó§Ñ§Õ§à§â§à§Þ §Ú §¤§à§ß§Õ§å§â§Ñ§ã§à§Þ §ã§á§à§â§å §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§å§ç§à§á§å§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §£ 1969 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§à §ã§á§à§â§à§Þ, §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û, §é§ä§à §æ§å§ä§Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ñ§ä§é §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §Ó §é§Ö§Þ§á§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§ä§Ö §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý §Ü §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Û, §ß§à §Ü§â§à§Ó§à§á§â§à§Ý§Ú§ä§ß§à§Û ?§æ§å§ä§Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§Ö?.

§¯§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §³§å§Õ §â§Ö§ê§Ú§Ý §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§á§à§â §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §­§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¹§Ñ§Õ§à§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ä§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §á§à§Ý§à§ã§í §¡§à§Ù§å, §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§î§ð 125 000 §Ü§Ó. §Ü§Þ §Ó §á§å§ã§ä§í§ß§Ö §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ, §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ï§ä§Ú §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù §Ó§à§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú. §£ 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å §¹§Ñ§Õ§Ñ, §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §ã§á§å§ã§ä§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ý§Ú§Ó§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ, §à§Ü§Ü§å§á§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§å §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ð, §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §á§à§Õ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯.

§£ 1999 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ú§Ý §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Û §á§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§í§Û §ã§á§à§â §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¢§à§ä§ã§Ó§Ñ§ß§à§Û §Ú §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ü§Ö §¹§à§Ò§Ö §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§î§ð 3,5 §Ü§Ó. §Ü§Þ. §°§ß §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó §¬§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ü§Ú§Ý§Ú/§³§Ö§Õ§å§Õ§å §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §¢§à§ä§ã§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ö, §Ú §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§é§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ§å §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð.

§¹§Ö§Þ§å §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §³§å§Õ§Ñ?

§°§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ô§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú §å§ë§Ö§â§Ò§Ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§í§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§â§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Û, §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ñ§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ö §¬§à§â§æ§å §Ó 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Þ §Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó.

§¥§Ö§Ý§à §à §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ö §¬§à§â§æ§å §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §ã §ä§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à §Ú§ä§à§Ô§Ñ§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ: §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó 1949 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ú§ß§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§ä§î §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ñ §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §é§ä§à §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ð. §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§â§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§í §Ú §é§ä§à, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ú§Ý§à §ã§å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§â§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Û. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §à§ß§à §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ú§Ý§à §ã§å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§ñ §Ó§á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ú§ß §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.

§°§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§á§à§â §Ò§í§Ý §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó 1992 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §¡§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î §Ñ§Ý§Ò§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§à§Ý§à§ä§à, §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Û§æ§Ñ§ç ?§¢§ï§ß§Ü §à§æ §ª§ß§Ô§Ý§Ö§ß§Õ? §ã§à §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í.

§³ §é§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§à§â§í?

§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §ã §â§í§Ò§à§Ý§à§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§æ§ä§î §Ú §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Ô§Ñ§Ù, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§á§à§â§ß§í§ç §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ§ç (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ, §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Þ§à§â§Ö). §¥§Ý§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§ç §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§í §Ù§Ñ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§å§ð §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §é§â§Ö§Ù§Ó§í§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§á§à§â§í §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó: §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ñ §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§â§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§Ó, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §æ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ü§å §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó.

§£§ß§Ö§ã §Ý§Ú §³§å§Õ §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ?

§¥§Ñ. §³§å§Õ§Ö§Ò§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ó§à§à§Õ§å§ê§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §à §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §Þ§à§â§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Û §Ù§à§ß§Ö 1958 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú 1982 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¯§à§â§Þ§í §à §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ú §à§Ò §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §á§â§Ú§Ò§â§Ö§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý §³§å§Õ, §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§í §Ó §ï§ä§Ú §Õ§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í.

§³§å§Õ§î§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§Ñ
§³§å§Õ§î§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§Ñ

§³§å§Õ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§ß§Ö§ã §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§á§è§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ§Ñ §Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è.

§£ §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç, §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó 1969 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¥§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¯§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ§Ñ §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§â§ñ, §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û ?§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§å§ç§à§á§å§ä§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú [§Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ] §Ó §Þ§à§â§Ö §Ú §á§à§Õ §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú? §Ú §é§ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ ?§á§à §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ã §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §â§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó?. §£ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §³§å§Õ §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù §³§å§Õ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç: §´§å§ß§Ú§ã/§­§Ú§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ú §­§Ú§Ó§Ú§ñ/§®§Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ñ (§¬§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ê§Ö§Ý§î§æ, 1982 §Ú 1985 §Ô§à§Õ§í); §¬§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ñ/§³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í (§¥§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Ó §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ §®§ï§ß, 1984 §Ô§à§Õ); §Ú §¥§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §¯§à§â§Ó§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú (§¥§Ö§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¤§â§Ö§ß§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §Á§Ñ§ß-§®§Ñ§Û§Ö§ß, 1993 §Ô§à§Õ).

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó?

§¿§ä§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §°§ß§Ú §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ.

§ª§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ
§ª§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ

§°§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§à§Ó §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§á§à§â §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §±§Ö§â§å §Ó 50-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §£§Ú§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §²§Ñ§å§Ý§ñ §¡§Û§ñ §Õ§Ö §Ý§Ñ §´§à§â§â§Ö, §á§Ö§â§å§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ý §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö §Ó §á§à§ã§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Ú §Ó §­§Ú§Þ§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß §Ó §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ñ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ. §£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ó §ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1950 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö, §ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à), §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ö§Þ. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §³§å§Õ §á§â§Ú§ê§Ö§Ý §Ü §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§å §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Û §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö, §Ú §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §±§Ö§â§å §ß§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô-§ß§å §¡§Û§ñ §Õ§Ö §Ý§Ñ §´§à§â§â§Ö, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß §Þ§à§Ô §á§à§Ü§Ú§ß§å§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§å.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ó§à§ã§Ö§Þ§î §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §³§å§Õ §á§â§Ú§ê§Ö§Ý §Ü §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§å §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ñ §±§Ö§â§å. §£ §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Þ §ã§é§Ö§ä§Ö, §ã§á§à§â §Ò§í§Ý §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó, §Ú §Ô-§ß §¡§Û§ñ §Õ§Ö §Ý§Ñ §´§à§â§â§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ú§ß§å§Ý §±§Ö§â§å §Ó 1953 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§ñ §á§ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä §Ó §á§à§ã§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Ú.

§±§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Ý§Ú §³§å§Õ§å §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Þ?

§¥§Ñ. §£ 1979 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §³§å§Õ§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§à, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú§ç §á§à§ã§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ç §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§ã§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §´§Ö§Ô§Ö§â§Ñ§ß§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §ê§Ñ§ç§Ñ §ª§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý §ã§Ó§Ö§â§Ô§ß§å§ä, §Ñ §¡§ñ§ä§à§Ý§Ý§Ñ §·§à§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í.

§£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ö 1980 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ª§â§Ñ§ß §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§à§ã§à§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§à§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §º§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ §Ú §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý §ã§å§Þ§Þ§å §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ó§á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §Ó 1981 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §¡§Ý§Ø§Ú§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§í.

§¢§í§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ý§à §Ó §³§å§Õ§Ö §Ó §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§å §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó?

§¥§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ.

§£ 50-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §­§Ú§ç§ä§Ö§ß§ê§ä§Ö§Û§ß §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ð §¤§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ö §à§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §¶§â§Ú§Õ§â§Ú§ç§Ñ §¯§à§ä§ä§Ö§Ò§à§Þ§Ñ, §Ò§í§Ó§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ß§Ñ §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó 1939 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §­§Ú§ç§ä§Ö§ß§ê§ä§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó 1955 §Ô§à§Õ§å §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Þ§à§Û, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô-§ß§Ñ §¯§à§ä§ä§Ö§Ò§à§Þ§Ñ §ß§Ö §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §­§Ú§ç§ä§Ö§ß§ê§ä§Ö§Û§ß§à§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §è§Ö§Ý§î §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ã§Ñ §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§à§Û§ß§í.

§°§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ò§å§Þ§Ñ§Ô §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö ?§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §ä§â§ï§Ü§ê§ß? §Ò§í§Ý §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ §Ó§ã§ð §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý 60 776 §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è.

§³§á§å§ã§ä§ñ §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§ð §Ü §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§å §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§å §à §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§â§à§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ?§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §ä§â§ï§Ü§ê§ß, §Ý§Ñ§Û§ä §Ú §á§Ñ§å§ï§â §Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§Õ?. ?§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §ä§â§ï§Ü§ê§ß? §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ö§â§ß§í§Û §Ü§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §å§ë§Ö§â§Ò, §ß§Ñ§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó 1970 §Ô§à§Õ§å §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð.

§£ 1987 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§å, §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §³§å§Õ§à§Þ, §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ü §ª§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û §ª§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§â§à§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ?§¿§Ý§Ö§ä§â§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §³§Ú§Ü§å§Ý§Ñ §³. §±. §¡. (§¿§­§³§ª)?, §Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ó§å§Þ §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ?§²§ï§Û§ä§Ö§à§ß?. §£ 1989 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §ª§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ö§Ö §¥§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §Õ§â§å§Ø§Ò§Ö, §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ö §Ú §ã§å§Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §º§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Ó §²§Ú§Þ§Ö §Ó 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§å.

§³§å§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ñ
§³§å§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ñ

§¯§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à, §Ó 1998 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §¤§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §¥§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú §¬§à§ß§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §ä§à§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §é§ä§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ô§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§¹§ä§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä §³§å§Õ §á§à §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§å §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ú§Ý§í?

§£ 1986 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ (§ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §ã§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à) §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §º§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§à§Û §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã (§¥§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ñ §Ó §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §ß§Ö§Ö), §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ñ §Þ§Ú§ß§í §à§Ü§à§Ý§à §á§à§â§ä§à§Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í, §ä.§Ö. §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §³§å§Õ§Ñ, §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§Ò§à§â§à§ß§í, ¡ª §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à-§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§å §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §á§à§ã§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§Ý§Ö. §³§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à, §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §à§ä§à§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ã§Ü, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§£ §Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§Ö 1999 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§Ñ§â §Ü§à§ã§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§Ñ §À§Ô§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ü §³§å§Õ§å §ã §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§à§Û §à§Ò §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§ß§Ö§è §Ò§à§Þ§Ò§Ñ§â§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ§Þ §ð§Ô§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§î§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¯§¡§´§°. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §à§ß §ß§Ö §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§â.

§µ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ý§Ú §³§å§Õ§å §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Û§ß§å?

§³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¬§Ñ§Ü §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Û §ã§å§Õ§Ö§Ò§ß§í§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §à§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Þ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ.

§³§å§Õ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú.

§¯§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù §³§å§Õ§å §å§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §â§Ñ§Ù§â§ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §Ù§Ñ§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ú§Ö §Ó §ä§å§á§Ú§Ü.

§³§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §³§å§Õ §å§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó. §¤§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §³§å§Õ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó, §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ, §é§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ó§å§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í.

§£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§à§Þ§Ò§Ú§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §³§å§Õ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ §ã§á§à§â§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Ú. §³§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §å§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §á§à§â§à§Û §é§â§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ§ç §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§ç §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§Ú. §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í §Ó§à§Ù§à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ú §å§Ó§Ö§ß§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§à§Þ §Õ§à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §Ú§Ù §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §é§Ö§â§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ó§à§Õ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§Ñ.

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ó §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó?

§£ §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à §à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§í, §á§à§â§à§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §é§ä§à §³§å§Õ §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ö.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý §á§à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö. §¦§Ô§à §³§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ä §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§í§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §á§à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §ã§å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ. §³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö. §°§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§³§å§Õ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§á§à§â §Ý§Ú§ê§î §á§à §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §ã §Ú§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ.

§°§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §®§³ §ã§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö?

§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ñ, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §à §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§å§ð §à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ü§å.

§£ 1973 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ú §¯§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §©§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ §á§à §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó §ð§Ø§ß§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §´§Ú§ç§à§Ô§à §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ñ. §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§ð §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §³§å§Õ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í, §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §Ñ§ä§Þ§à§ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó 1974 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §£ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1974 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §³§å§Õ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú §Ú §¯§à§Ó§à§Û §©§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §å§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§à§Õ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §á§à§é§Ó§í §Ú §é§ä§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã, §á§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä.

§¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ý§Ú §à§ã§á§Ñ§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ?

§¥§Ñ, §Ú §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §é§ä§à §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ 40 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §³§å§Õ§à§Þ §ã 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§±§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ 40 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ú.

§£ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö§Þ §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§à, §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§ã§á§Ñ§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§ð §³§å§Õ§Ñ. §£ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ã§à§Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Û §³§å§Õ §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§ä§à§ä §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã.

§¹§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §³§å§Õ§å §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ä§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ó §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö 65 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý.

§¯§Ö §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §å §³§å§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§à§é§Ñ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ß §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ß§Ö §Ö§Ô§à?

§¯§Ö§ä. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §³§å§Õ§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ. §°§ß §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó§ß§Ö §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§á§à§â§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §Õ§à §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §³§å§Õ §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö?

§¶§Ú§ß§Ý§ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ §à§ä§à§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ã§Ü, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ó 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §¥§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§ã§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§Þ §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §¢§Ö§Ý§î§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§Ö§á§ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ò§í §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§å §Ú§Ù §¢§Ñ§Ý§ä§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Ö §Þ§à§â§Ö §ã§å§Õ§à§Ó §ã §Ó§í§ã§à§ä§à§Û §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 65 §Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó, §ä. §Ö. §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ò§å§â§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§å§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §ß§Ö§æ§ä§ñ§ß§í§ç §Ó§í§ê§Ö§Ü, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §¶§Ú§ß§Ý§ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú. §¿§ä§Ú §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ã§á§à§â §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö, §Ú §Ó 1998 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ò§í§Ý §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Û §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§í§Û §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§ã§ß§à§Û §Þ§à§ã§ä §Ó §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö.

§£ 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Õ§Ö§Ý§à, §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó §³§å§Õ§Ö §ä§Ú§ç§à§à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §¯§Ñ§å§â§å §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ö§Ö §Ò§í§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§à§Þ, §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§à §Ú§Ù §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §¡§Ó§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó§í§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §¯§Ñ§å§â§å §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ö§ß§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ý§å§Ñ§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§à§ã§æ§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §â§å§Õ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ö §Ú §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í. §£ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §à§ß §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à§ä §ã§á§à§â.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§í §Ú§ä§à§Ô§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§à§â§à§Ó?

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §³§å§Õ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ô§à, §é§Ö§Þ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§±§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §á§à§â§à§Û §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó, §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç), §ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§Ý§í§Þ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Õ§à§Ò§â§à§ã§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

 

§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ø§Ñ§Ý§à§Ò§à§Û §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?

§¥§Ñ, §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß §â§Ñ§Ù. §£ 1986 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ü §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§à§Û §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §³§å§Õ §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §Ó §Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §º§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó (§£§à§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §ß§Ö§Ö).

§²§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å, §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §º§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §Ó§Ö§ä§à, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§à§Ó, §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §¯§Ú§Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ô§å§Ñ §ã§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î, §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§à §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§à §Ú§Ù §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ.

§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú?

§³§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â, §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §³§å§Õ§à§Þ, §ä.§Ö. §Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Þ§à§â§à§Ù§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ó§à§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó.

§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â (§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à 32 §ã 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ) §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à§Û.

§£ §â§ñ§Õ§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ô§ß§à§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç.

§£ §ç§à§Õ§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§å, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §à §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ö§ß§à§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §¢§à§ã§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §¤§Ö§â§è§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§Ú§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §À§Ô§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ú, §³§å§Õ §Õ§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§ñ§ä§Ú§Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§é§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§à§Û§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§Ñ§â§Ö. §£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §³§å§Õ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §Ñ§Ü§ä§í §Ô§Ö§ß§à§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §à§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ä§ñ§ß§å§ä§î §ã§á§à§â. §£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §³§å§Õ §à§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à, §ß§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯, ?§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§à§ã§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §¤§Ö§â§è§Ö§Ô§à§Ó§Ú§ß§í §á§à-§á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ§å §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ô§â§à§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§à§ä§Ö§â§Ú §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§à§á§Ú§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ú §ã §Þ§à§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Þ?. §°§ß §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à ?§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ö §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ [§ß§à§Ó§í§ç] §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â ..., §Ñ §ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â?.

§±§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ: §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à §Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö?

§£§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú, §³§å§Õ §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §â§à§Ý§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §°§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ.

§³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§í §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ä§î, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§à§â§Þ§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ã §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û. §°§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ö§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û.

§±§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ (§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§è§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ð§â§Ú§ã§á§â§å§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?) §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§Ú§Ý§å (§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Þ §ã§á§à§â§Ö) §Ú §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§ß§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ó§à §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. §°§ß§Ú §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ñ§ä §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §á§à§â§å§é§Ö§ß§í §Ü§à§Õ§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Õ§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó.

§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§à§Þ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à. §£ §ï§ä§à§Û §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Û §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§à§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §å§ß§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§Õ§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ.

§£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §Ó 1985 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §à §á§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§ß§à§Þ §ã§á§à§â§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¢§å§â§Ü§Ú§ß§Ñ-§¶§Ñ§ã§à §Ú §®§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ô§ß§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§í §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û?

§¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ú§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§í §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ?

§¿§ä§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ð§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í, §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ï§ä§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó-§é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¬§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ã §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§à§Û §à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?

§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §°§°§¯, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó 1947 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ü §³§å§Õ§å §ã §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§à§Û §à §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¿§ä§à§ä §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û §Ò§í§Ý §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ 12 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ò§Ö§Ù§å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à §ç§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ö §Ó §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ý §Ú§ç §ç§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §£ 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ç§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ö §Ó §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §°§°§¯, §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§ñ§Ö§ä §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö 4 §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ö.

§¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ý§Ú §³§å§Õ §ä§à§Ý§Ü§å§Ö§ä §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §°§°§¯?

§¥§Ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§Þ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §°§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §à §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ§ç §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §³§å§Õ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ. §°§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §ä§à§Ý§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §á§à §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§å.

§³§å§Õ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û.

§³§å§Õ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §Ú§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §à §é§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó 1949 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§å, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §å§ë§Ö§â§Ò, §á§à§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §ª§Ö§â§å§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ö §Ò§í§Ý §å§Ò§Ú§ä §ê§Ó§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§æ §¶§à§Ý§î§Ü §¢§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§ä, §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §±§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ö, §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ü §³§å§Õ§å §ã §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Þ §à §ä§à§Þ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §å§ë§Ö§â§Ò, §á§à§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ §Ö§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö. §£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §³§å§Õ §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Þ§à§é§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö. §°§ß §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §°§°§¯?

§©§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §°§°§¯ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ó§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§à§Ó §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§à§Ó §°§°§¯ §Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§Û §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó, §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§Õ §ï§Ô§Ú§Õ§à§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ö§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß?

§£ 1950 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §À§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö§Þ §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ã §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §À§Ô§à-§©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ (§ß§í§ß§Ö§ê§ß§ñ§ñ §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§ñ) §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ö§Ö §á§à§Ô§Ý§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §­§Ú§Ô§Ú §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §à§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í §Ú §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §À§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ö§Û §à§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §­§Ú§Ô§Ú §Ó §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§ç §Ö§Ö §Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.

§°§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó 1990 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §à§ä§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §³§å§Õ§Ñ.

§£ 1971 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §á§à§ê§Ö§Ý §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ê§Ö, §à§ä§Ü§â§í§Ó §á§å§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú. §£ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§Ö §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ä §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §À§Ô§à-§©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Ü, §à§ß §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §À§Ø§ß§à§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§à.

§³§å§Õ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§í, §ß§Ö§ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ö§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §®§Ñ§â§à§Ü§Ü§à, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §®§Ñ§Ó§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ 1975 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §Ó 1884 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ö§Û, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Û §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó (terra nullius), §Ú §é§ä§à, §ç§à§ä§ñ §ï§ä§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ã §®§Ñ§â§à§Ü§Ü§à §Ú §®§Ñ§Ó§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û, §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ß§Ö §ß§à§ã§ñ§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §â§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §à §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú. §±§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §³§å§Õ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§å §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§í §á§à§Õ §ï§Ô§Ú§Õ§à§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û.

§¹§ä§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §³§å§Õ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§ñ?

§£ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó §Ú§ð§Ý§Ö 1996 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §á§à §á§â§à§ã§î§Ò§Ö §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú, §³§å§Õ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ß§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Þ, §ß§Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ô§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Ý§Ú (§ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í) §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§í §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à.

§³§å§Õ, §ä§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§Ñ §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §Ó§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§Ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §à§ß §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô §á§â§Ú§Û§ä§Ú §Ü §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§å §à §ä§à§Þ, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§Ñ §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §à§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó §ï§Ü§ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§Ò§à§â§à§ß§í, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ö§é§î §Ú§Õ§Ö§ä §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ §Ó§í§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§²§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §³§å§Õ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ?

§³§å§Õ §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§å§Õ§à§Þ §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ. §³§Ñ§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §³§å§Õ §ã §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §á§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §³§å§Õ §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Ü§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ó 1970 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §³§å§Õ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§å §à §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ?§¢§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ý§à§ß§Ñ §ä§â§ï§Ü§ê§ß? §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§å§ä §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ (§à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ erga omnes), §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü ?§Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§à§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ? §Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ?§á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §Ú §ß§à§â§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§å §à§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú?. §ª§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú: §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§à §Ó §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§å §ï§ä§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ä§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§£ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §À§Ø§ß§à§Û §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §¯§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ú (1971 §Ô§à§Õ), §³§å§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §á§à§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å §ã§Ú§Ý§å §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§à§ë§â§ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Û §á§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§å §â§Ñ§ã§í, §á§à§Ý§Ñ, §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§Ú, §Ú §à§ß §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ñ§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ö§Ú§Õ §ß§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §ã §ï§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§³ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §³§å§Õ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ý §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ: §à§ß §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§Þ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ. §£ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó§í§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó 1999 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ú §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§é§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ù §®§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ô-§ß§Ñ §¥§Ñ§ä§à §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §¬§å§Þ§Ñ§â§Ñ§ã§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ì§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ó §®§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Û§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ö§æ§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §³§å§Õ §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö §°§°§¯ §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §ä§à§Ô§à, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §°§°§¯, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§à§Ó §Ó §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ö§Ò§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§Û §Ú, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ, §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ë§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ä.

§©§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §³§å§Õ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í?

§£ §ç§à§Õ§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§å§Õ§à§Þ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý §á§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §ñ§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§à§ã§æ§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §â§å§Õ, §Ú §ã§á§à§â §£§Ö§ß§Ô§â§Ú§Ú §Ú §³§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ú §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §¤§Ñ§Ò§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó§à-§¯§Ñ§Õ§î§ñ§Þ§Ñ§â§à§ê, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §ã§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §á§Ý§à§ä§Ú§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §¤§¿§³ §ß§Ñ §¥§å§ß§Ñ§Ö.

§£ 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å §³§å§Õ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §¬§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§å §á§à §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ö §ã§Ö§Þ§Ú §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó, §ã §ä§Ö§Þ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§â§à§Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ.