§¢§å§ä§â§à§ã §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú (§¦§Ô§Ú§á§Ö§ä)?§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §ê§Ö§ã§ä§í§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û 1 §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ 1992 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §ã§â§à§Ü §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§Û. §¥§à §ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü 3 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§å §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Þ§î§Ö§â-§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ §¦§Ô§Ú§á§ä§Ñ §á§à §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ö 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ñ §ã §à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1977 §á§à 1991 §Ô§à§Õ §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§à§Þ §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý.
§¤-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä, §ð§â§Ú§ã§ä, §å§é§Ö§ß§í§Û §Ú §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ó.
§£ 1987 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§ß §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §Ö§Ô§Ú§á§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§Ñ§â§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §Ñ §ã 1980 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý-§Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§Ú. §¥§à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §³§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ.
§³ 1979 §á§à 1991 §Ô§à§Õ §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ: §à§ß §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ð§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó. §°§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §é§ä§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú; §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §à§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à-§á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü (§¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ, §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø).
§¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö§ç §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ó §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ç §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð, §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§ß§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §ï§ä§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó, §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ù§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ö §Ú §Ñ§æ§â§à-§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å.
§£ §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 1978 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §¬§ï§Þ§á-§Õ§ï§Ó§Ú§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§ê§Ö§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §Ú §Ó§ß§Ö§ã §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¬§ï§Þ§á-§Õ§ï§Ó§Ú§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¦§Ô§Ú§á§ä§à§Þ §Ú §ª§Ù§â§Ñ§Ú§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§í §Ó 1979 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §°§ß §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í, §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§°§¡§¦) §Ú §¥§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó §¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó. §°§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §¦§Ô§Ú§á§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ§ç §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §Ó 1979, 1982 §Ú 1990 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç.
§¤-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó 1949 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §Ó §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Þ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ. §¦§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§ã§Ö§â§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §¤-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §Ò§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Ó§â§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ó §¬§Ñ§Ú§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§í §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ.
§³ 1949 §á§à 1977 §Ô§à§Õ §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §¬§Ñ§Ú§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö. §³ 1974 §á§à 1977 §Ô§à§Õ §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú §±§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ò§ð§â§à §¡§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ð§Ù§Ñ.
§£ §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §æ§å§Ý§Ò§â§Ñ§Û§ä§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ú§á§Ö§ß§Õ§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Û §Ó §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Þ §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ö (1954¨C1955 §Ô§à§Õ§í), §Ò§í§Ý §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §¤§Ñ§Ñ§Ô§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ (1963 §Ú 1964 §Ô§à§Õ§í) §Ú §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ä§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â§à§Þ §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (1967 §Ú 1968 §Ô§à§Õ§í). §¹§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ý§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú, §¡§Ù§Ú§Ú, §¦§Ó§â§à§á§í §Ú §§Ñ§ä§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ú.
§³ 1965 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §¦§Ô§Ú§á§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ; §ã 1975 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û (?§¡§Ý§î-§¡§ç§â§Ñ§Þ?); §ã 1978 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¡§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ü§å§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §¤§Ñ§Ñ§Ô§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ; §ã 1978 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¯§Ñ§å§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ (§®§Ö§ß§ä§à§ß§Ñ, §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ); §ã 1979 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß-§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§ã§á§à§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û (§²§Ú§Þ). §³ 1971 §á§à 1979 §Ô§à§Õ §Ò§í§Ý §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û §Ú §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ. §¤-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý ?§¡§Ý§î-§¡§ç§â§Ñ§Þ §Ñ§Ý§î-§ª§Ü§ä§Ú§ã§Ñ§Õ§Ú?, §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ã 1960 §á§à 1975 §Ô§à§Õ, §Ú §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö ?§¡§ã-§³§Ú§ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §Ñ§Õ-§¥§Ñ§å§Ý§Ú§ñ?, §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §à§ß §Ò§í§Ý §Õ§à §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1991 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ.
§¤-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú ¡ª §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 100 §á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û, §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å §Ú §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú.
§¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ö§ß §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Û §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ 24 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §Ó §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç, §á§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §¦§Ô§Ú§á§ä§Ñ, §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§ñ, §ª§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ, §¬§à§Ý§å§Þ§Ò§Ú§ñ, §¤§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ, §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §¿§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§à§â, §¡§â§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ, §¯§Ö§á§Ñ§Ý, §§ð§Ü§ã§Ö§Þ§Ò§å§â§Ô, §±§à§â§ä§å§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ, §¯§Ú§Ô§Ö§â, §®§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §®§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §¤§â§Ö§è§Ú§ñ, §¹§Ú§Ý§Ú, §¢§â§å§ß§Ö§Û-§¥§Ñ§â§å§ã§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ, §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §±§Ö§â§å, §¬§à§ä-§Õ'§ª§Ó§å§Ñ§â, §¥§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §º§Ó§Ö§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ §¬§à§â§Ö§ñ. §°§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §³§å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§â§Õ§Ö§ß§à§Þ.?
§°§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ª§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü, §®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ñ (§ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î 1992 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û (§ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§î 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §Ý§Ñ§å§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ú§Þ. §¬§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¡. §¤§Ö§â§ä§Ö§â§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §á§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §¢§à§ã§ä§à§ß (§Þ§Ñ§â§ä 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §¬§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ó §§×§Ó§Ö§ß§Ö, §¢§Ö§Ý§î§Ô§Ú§ñ (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §Ý§Ñ§å§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú ?§¢§à§â§Ö§è §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â?, §á§â§Ú§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §æ§à§ß§Õ§à§Þ ?§°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ö §Ù§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â? (§Ú§ð§Ý§î 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§ñ, §¬§Ó§Ö§Ò§Ö§Ü (§Ñ§Ó§Ô§å§ã§ä 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §Ý§Ñ§å§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú ?§·§â§å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ó§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ñ? §Ú§Þ. §¡§â§ä§å§â§Ñ §¡. §·§Ñ§å§ä§à§ß§Ñ-§Þ§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à, §á§â§Ú§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Û §Ù§Ñ §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§à-§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§à§Þ, §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü (§ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§î 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ).
§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ô-§ß §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü, §®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ñ (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü, §®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ñ (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §¢§Ö§Ý§Ñ§â§å§ã§Ú, §®§Ú§ß§ã§Ü (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §®§Ñ§Õ§â§Ú§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú§Þ. §¬§Ñ§â§Ý§à§ã§Ñ III (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §¥§Ø§à§â§Õ§Ø§ä§Ñ§å§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §£§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ô§ä§à§ß, §°.§¬. (§Þ§Ñ§Û 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §®§à§ß§Ü§ä§à§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §¯§î§ð-§¢§â§Ñ§ß§ã§å§Ú§Ü, §¬§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ñ (§Ñ§Ó§Ô§å§ã§ä 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §¢§å§ç§Ñ§â§Ö§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ), §¢§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ), §¦§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§î 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ), §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §·§Ñ§Û§æ§í (§æ§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§î 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ), §£§Ö§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§æ§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§î 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ) §Ú §®§Ö§Ý§î§Ò§å§â§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ); §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §¬§Ñ§â§Ý§ä§à§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §¬§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ñ (§ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§î 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ). §°§ß §Ò§í§Ý §Ú§Ù§Ò§â§Ñ§ß §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¬§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §¢§Ö§â§Ü§Ý§Ú §«§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ (§Þ§Ñ§â§ä 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ) §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ñ§å§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ú§Þ. §°§ß§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§ã§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã (§Ú§ð§Ý§î 1995 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ). §¦§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§ã§Ó§à§Ö§ß§í §Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §®§à§ß§ä§Ö§ã§Ü§î§Ö §Ó §¢§à§â§Õ§à, §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ñ (§Þ§Ñ§â§ä 1996 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ) §Ú §Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §µ§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ ?§¬§à§â§Ö? §Ó §³§Ö§å§Ý§Ö, §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ §¬§à§â§Ö§ñ (§Ñ§á§â§Ö§Ý§î 1996 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ).
§¤§à§Õ§í §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §¢§å§ä§â§à§ã§Ñ-§¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú: 14 §ß§à§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1922 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¡ª 16 §æ§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ.