51吃瓜

Medical records and other health information can now be easily shared via mobile phones and other modern communications technologies.

Photograph: Alamy Images/ Tetra Images

The small, dusty village of Mayange lies 20 kilometres from Rwanda鈥檚 capital, Kigali. Its health centre has fewer than 40 beds but serves an estimated 35,000 people. The Mayange centre could well be like thousands of other health facilities across the continent struggling to meet patients鈥� needs with very few resources and staff.

But thanks to an innovative partnership involving the government, non-governmental organizations and private companies, the Mayange centre is now able to use mobile telephones to provide better treatment. With software developed by Ericsson and phones donated by the Rwandan subsidiary of Mobile Telephone Networks (MTN), a South African firm, health workers can call up the medical records of pregnant women from an online database and then, by cell phone, tell care-givers what to do during an emergency. The memory of each phone donated by MTN includes a maternal and child-care training manual, with images and audio directions that can be sent to mothers and families.

The project, although only a few months old, is 鈥済oing to have a very big impact,鈥� Dr. Joseph Ryarasa told Africa Renewal. 鈥淭o reduce maternal and child mortality, you need to educate mothers and health workers. Now we can send them educative messages on their phones or inform them about inoculations.鈥�

With funding from the Rwandan government and support from the Earth Institute of Columbia University in New York, the Mayange health centre has a solar charger, provided by Ericsson, to power 30 phones. It also has a computer database, accessible by mobile phone, with medical records of families in the village, making it easy for health workers to monitor health patterns.

Easy to adapt

Ericsson Chief Executive Officer Carl-Henric Svanberg says that replicating the project elsewhere in Africa would be easy and inexpensive. 鈥淒ifferent places will want to apply the software to different things 鈥� health care, agriculture or to check the prices in the fish market,鈥� he told Africa Renewal. 鈥淐ustomizing the software is not rocket science. African software engineers can do it easily.鈥� As a start, the Earth Institute and Ericsson intend to extend the project to 10 other villages in Africa.

Such information and communications technologies (ICTs) are an important means by which Africa can address its social challenges, says Joanna Rubenstein, a director at the Earth Institute. 鈥淚nitially we thought we had to wait until we got electricity to such places to be able to bring in such technology,鈥� she told Africa Renewal. 鈥淏ut with solar panels it鈥檚 possible immediately.鈥� That breakthrough has opened the way for 鈥渁pplications that we in developed countries don鈥檛 normally use mobile phones for.鈥�

Monitoring AIDS treatments

The Mayange clinic is not alone in using mobile networks to improve health care. Across Rwanda, 143 public and private health centres that offer anti-retroviral medicines (ARVs) to people with HIV/AIDS now use Tracnet, a system that employs mobile phones to collect information on patients鈥� infections. It helps the national drug centre keep track of which medicines are available in each health centre and when to resupply, making shortages of ARVs less common.

鈥淚t is a simple technology which has changed the way we deal with HIV in Rwanda,鈥� says Dr. Tom Mushi, at Kigali鈥檚 Polyclinic of Hope. Previously, small clinics would often run out of essential medicines and other supplies. The time it then took to restock could disrupt the centres鈥� ability to fill prescriptions. 鈥淣ow if the national drug supply can鈥檛 send the drugs quickly enough to a centre, they can talk to a health centre nearby that has a high stock and have the need filled,鈥� he told Africa Renewal.

Tracnet is a joint project of Voxiva, a private company, and the Rwandan Ministry of Health, and is partially funded by the World Bank. Similar partnerships among governments, private companies and UN agencies are operating in Uganda and Mozambique. In Burkina Faso and Burundi rural communities are being trained in caring for HIV/AIDS patients via mobile technologies.

Rwanda鈥檚 Minister of State, Energy and Communications Albert Butare urges donors to support technological solutions that can help solve social problems. 鈥淲hen we embarked on adopting ICTs, we actually had problems with our development partners,鈥� he explains. 鈥淭hey told us, 鈥榊ou are too ambitious. Do you really need computers and the Internet or sufficient drinking water, good shelter and food?鈥� We said, 鈥榌They are] not exclusive. We need all of them鈥�.鈥�