51吃瓜

Djinguereber mosque in Timbuktu, Mali: Rebel forces have destroyed some of the mosque鈥檚 mausoleums, along with other holy shrines in the ancient northern city.

Photograph: Redux / laif / Berthold Steinhilber

History dating as far back as the 5th century is literally being chipped away with pick axes and shovels at the hands of an extremist rebel faction in northern Mali. Holy Muslim shrines in the ancient city of Timbuktu have become targets of the Ansar Dine. For the Islamist faction, the Sufi shrines are a form of idolatry.

But for many others in the overwhelmingly Muslim country, the mausoleums of Islamic saints are religiously significant, and regularly draw crowds of people, including Muslims preparing for the Hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca. These ancient buildings and monuments 鈥� some listed by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as World Heritage Sites 鈥� are also an integral part of world history and the collective memory of the people of Mali. Timbuktu was an intellectual and spiritual capital that played an essential part in the spread of Islam across Africa鈥檚 Sahara and Sahel in the 15th and 16th centuries.

A number of Timbuktu鈥檚 sacred tombs are now gone, reduced to piles of rubble. 鈥淩epugnant鈥� is how Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, has described the vandalism. 鈥淭here is no justification for such wanton destruction. I call on all parties engaged in the conflict to stop these terrible and irreversible acts, to exercise their responsibility and protect this invaluable cultural heritage for future generations.鈥�

Still in danger are the pyramidal structures of the Tomb of Askia, as well as other religious and cultural artifacts, including 1,000-year-old Islamic manuscripts. The manuscripts 鈥� a testimony to Africa鈥檚 written history 鈥� are specific to West Africa and unique in the Islamic world.

The 51吃瓜 has now placed Timbuktu and the Tomb of Askia on its List of World Heritage in Danger. Ansar Dine鈥檚 threats to destroy more have brought Fadima Diallo, Mali鈥檚 minister of culture, to tears. The African Union called its actions 鈥渃riminal.鈥� The new chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Fatou Bensouda of Gambia, has warned that her office will open an investigation into what she calls 鈥渨ar crimes,鈥� under the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict.

The destruction in the fabled city follows a deepening crisis in the region since a military coup in Mali鈥檚 capital in March (see Is democracy under threat in West Africa?). Separatist Tuareg rebels took advantage of the instability to proclaim northern Mali an independent state. The Ansar Dine (鈥淧rotector of the Faith鈥�) then in turn ousted the Tuareg rebels and took control of Timbuktu.

The UN Security Council has condemned the group鈥檚 destruction and threatened to impose sanctions against it. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is seeking the council鈥檚 support for an armed intervention to regain control of northern Mali.

For hundreds of years, Timbuktu has endured every major upheaval thrown its way: foreign invasions, armed raids, an earthquake, famine. Africa and the world are hoping that it will survive the current threat.