18 ????/?????? 2020

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??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??/ ???? 1958 ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? "??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? '????????' ?? ????? ??????? '??? ??????? ????'".1

???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? (SDGs) ??? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? - ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????.

????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? (LDCs).

????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? (LDCs). ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????.

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??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????.

????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????: ?????? ??? 2018? ??? ?????? ????? ????? 80 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 68 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? 2050 .2 ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2013 ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? 1.4 ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2030? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 96 ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????.3 ????? ????? 30 ????? ?? ??? ???? 35 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????.4

???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ?? ????? ????? 11 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????.

???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? (UNCDF) ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. 7 ????? ??????/ ?????? 2013. ??UNCDF.

?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????: ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? (????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????) ???? ?? ?????? ???????????. ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????.

??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????. ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????????.

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???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???. ???? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???.

???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???. ???? ???? ????????. ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???. ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.

????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ????? 11 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

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1. ??????? ?. ?????? "????? ??? ?????"? ?????? ??????? ???????? (The Quarterly Journal of Economics)? ?????? 72? ????? ??? (??/ ????? 1958)? 351.

2. ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????: ?????? ??? 2018 (ST/ESA/SER.A/420) (????? ???????? ???????? 2019)? ??????? 3? xix. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .

3. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? 2013: ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (?????? ???????? 2013) ???? 1. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .

4. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? 2018. DP/2019/18. ?????? ??????? ???? 2019? 30 ????/ ????? 3-4 ??????/ ????? 2019 (???????? 2019)? ???? 8. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .

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