?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? (ICT) ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????¡ª?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? (AI) ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? (SDGs).
???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (GEC) ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2009? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? (MDGs) ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????: ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????.
?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? (UN Global Pulse) ?? ??? 2009 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? 2011? ?????? ??? ????? ?????1 ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? "??????? ?????". ?? ?????? "????? ????? ????????" ?? ??? 2009? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? "????? ????? ????????" ?? ??? 2012? ???? "????? ????? ???????" ?? ??? 2014.
?? ????/ ???? 2013? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 2015 ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? (IEAG) ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? (IEAG)2 ????? ?????? ????? ?????: ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????3 ?? ??? 2018.
?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????/ ?????? 2015? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????????.
????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? 2013 ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? (Orange) ?????? ???? "?????? ???? ???????".4 ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????¡ª???? (BBVA) ? ??????? Crimson Hexagon ?Earth Earth ?Nielsen ?Orange ?Planet ?Plume Labs ? Schneider Electric? Waze¡ª???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? 13 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.5 ??? ????? ?? ???? BBVA ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????.6 ????? ???? ?????? ??????7 ?? ????? "?????" ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????.
??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? 2017? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? GSMA))? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ?????? 19 ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (GSMA) ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? BD4SG.8 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????9 ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????.
???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????
?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? (UN PPG) ????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ??: (1) ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?(2) ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?(3) ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????.10 ?? ??? 2018? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? (UN PPG) ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????11 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (HLCM). ?? ??? 2017? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????: ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 2030 12 ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????13 ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2015 ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????.
???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????14 ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????15 ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????.
????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????.
???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? "??????? ?????" ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? (Haze Gazer) 16? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? (CycloMon) 17? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????.
????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? "Alexa". ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????.18 ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? (FM) ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????/ ??????. ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????.
??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 40 ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? (ASR) ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????.
??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? "???????" ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.
?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????19 ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? 22 ??? 24 ????? ?????/ ?????? 2018? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ????????20 ???? ????? ?? ??? 2018? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????.
??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????21 ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????.
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
?
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.