31.12.2017

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§³ §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §³§º§¡ §Ó 1960-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö ?§Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î? §à§ä §ñ§â§Ý§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (Blacher and Baker, 2007). §¿§ä§à §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Ý§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ì§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß §ã §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§à§ã§ä§Ú (Hastings and others, 2005). §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§à§â§è§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §³§º§¡ §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§à §ê§Ñ§Ô§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à§Ü §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (Hastings and others, 2005).

§±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ð, §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß ?§° §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó? 1973 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¥§à §ä§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §á§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§í§Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß ?§° §â§Ö§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó? §Ó§Ó§Ö§Ý §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §á§à §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§å §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§ç, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç §æ§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ. §·§à§ä§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ú §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ý §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ö §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §Ú §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö, §à§ß §Ù§Ñ§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ú§Ý §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §Ü §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ð §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¿§ä§à, §Ó §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ ?§°§Ò §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §ã §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú? (Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA), §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à §Ó 1990 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ú §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ó 2008 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §©§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§å §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß ?§° §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç? §à§ä 1964 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §£ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã ADA, §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü ?§æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û?(ADA, 104 Stat. 330).

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Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Public Law No. 101-336 of 26 July.

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§²§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¡í 61/106. §¬§à§ß§Ó§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú§ß§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Õ§à§Ó, A/RES/61/106 (13 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ 2006 §Ô§à§Õ). URL: .

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