51³Ô¹Ï

§£§Ú§Õ§Ö§à §à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §°§°§¯ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§å §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú | §¯§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

§°§Ò§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§±§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ó§ê§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ó §²§Ú§Þ§Ö §Ó 1954 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§é§Ö§Ò§ß§í§ç §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §á§à §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å.

§á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ó§ê§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ó §¢§Ö§Ý§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§Ö §Ó 1965 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§è§Ö§ß§ä §ß§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ö §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§à§Ó§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ã §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç §¡§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §³§º§¡ §á§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð (USAID).

§£ 1974 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §¢§å§ç§Ñ§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §´§â§Ö§ä§î§ñ §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð. §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §ï§ä§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §á§â§à§é§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö, §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ú §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß, §Ú §é§ä§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§à§ä§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Þ§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¯§Ñ , §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §Ó 1984 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §¢§å§ç§Ñ§â§Ö§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú 1974 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§í §Ú §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§í. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§Ý§Ñ§ß §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß §ã §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §±§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö - §Ó§à§ä §ä§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§í §Ó §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.

§£ 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §¬§Ñ§Ú§â§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð (§®§¬§¯§²). §£ §ç§à§Õ§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ §ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§è§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä. §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ  §á§à§Õ§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Ó§ß§å§ð §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §æ§à§Ü§å§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ö§á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é.

§£ 1999 §Ú 2014 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Õ§Ó§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §°§°§¯ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ù§à§â§Ñ §Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à§Û §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§Ú§ç §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ý§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§à§Ó §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§í§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã §Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ê§Ú§Ö §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§£ 2019 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §¯§Ñ§Û§â§à§Ò§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð (§¯§Ñ§Û§â§à§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û&²Ô²ú²õ±è;§ã§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§ä&²Ô²ú²õ±è;²Ñ°­±á±Ê-25), §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û. §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í  §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú: §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ §á§à §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó, §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ö, §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§±§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §é§ä§à: ?§³§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§å §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß §Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §æ§à§â§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§ä§à§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Þ§ß§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ?.

§°§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §°§°§¯

§°§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §Ò§í§Ý §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ý §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ö§Û §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó 1946 §Ô. §¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§ä, §à§ß §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ö §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§í §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ö§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§²§´) §Ú §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§µ§²), §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ñ §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ö§Õ§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §á§à §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ö §Ü§â§å§á§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Û §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð. §°§ß §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ü§å §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§å §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö. §°§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§í §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §á§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§â§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú.

 

Women walking with basins on their heads in Bangassou, Central African Republic.

§¯§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö

§ß§Ñ 2022¨C2025 §Ô§à§Õ§í §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ú§è§Ú§à§Ù§ß§í§Þ §Ó§Ó§Ú§Õ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§â§à§é§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§â. §£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§Ü§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð (§®§¬§¯§²), §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ß§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§ä §ã §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Þ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í, §Ñ §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ COVID-19 §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß, §Õ§Ö§Ó§à§é§Ö§Ü, §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ß§í. §À§¯§¶§±§¡ §å§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ, §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§ç §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Õ§à 2030 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§À§¯§¶§±§¡ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §Ú §á§à§à§ë§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §â§Ö§á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó, §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §ã §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Ó §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §´§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §à§ß §Ó§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §Ó §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §ã §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§å §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ. §±§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§å§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ú§ç, §À§¯§¶§±§¡ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý §ã§Ó§à§Û . 

§£ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§à§Þ §À§¯§¶§±§¡ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä: §Ñ) §å§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú §á§à§à§ë§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §ã §å§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Ô§à §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ; b) §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §ã §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ, §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú; c) §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ü §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ; d) §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §á§à §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à §à§Ò§å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Þ§à§é§Ú§Û §Ú §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§ß§í§ç §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ß§à§â§Þ §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§ñ§ä§î §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß §Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û; e) §Ó§ã§Ö§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ö §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ; §Ú f) §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú, §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç, §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Ö §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.