§£§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ñ §Ó 1962 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§í §¬§å§Ò§à§Ü ?§¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ú?, §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä §¥§Ø§à§ß §¬§Ö§ß§ß§Ö§Õ§Ú §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý: ?§¯§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð, §á§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ñ§ã §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü §ä§ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ü §Þ§à§â§ð. §¯§à §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß §Ú §á§â§à§á§Ý§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à §ß§Ö§Þ§å §Ü§à§â§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §æ§à§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú §à§ä§ä§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§à§â§Ú§Ù§à§ß§ä§Ñ. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Þ§à§â§Ö §á§â§Ú§ä§ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ù§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ó §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ö. [...] §®§í §Ó§ã§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§à§Þ. §ª §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Þ§í §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §Ü §Þ§à§â§ð ¡ª §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ú§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö ¡ª §Þ§í §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ñ§Þ?.
§®§à§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §à§é§Ö§ß§î §ä§Ö§ã§ß§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã §Þ§à§â§Ö§Þ. §©§Ñ §ä§Ö 30 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ã§î §Õ§Ñ§Û§Ó§Ú§ß§Ô§à§Þ, §ñ §á§à§Ô§â§å§Ø§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §å §â§Ú§æ§à§Ó §Ó §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §å§Ô§à§Ý§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ ¡ª §à§ä §¬§Ñ§â§Ú§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ§à §´§Ú§â§â§Ö§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§â§ñ, §à§ä §´§Ú§ç§à§Ô§à §Õ§à §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ñ; §ñ §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§Ý §ß§Ö§à§Ò§í§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§à§ä§í: §á§à§ä§â§ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§Ü§Ú §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó, §é§ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î, §ï§ä§à §á§Ý§à§Õ §é§î§Ö§Û-§ä§à §æ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ú. §ª §Ó§ã§× §Ø§Ö §ï§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§à-§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å. §²§í§Ò§í, §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö ¡ª §Ó§ã§× §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §è§Ñ§â§Ú§Ý§à §ß§Ö§á§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ä§Ñ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö.
§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Õ§Ö§ä§Ú, §ñ §á§à§ã§á§Ö§ê§Ú§Ý §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§î §Ú§Þ §é§å§Õ§Ö§ã§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ó§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ. §¬ §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð, §Õ§Ö§ä§Ú §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §à§ã§Ó§à§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó §Ó§à§Õ§Ö §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ö §å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö. §¬ §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð, §ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§ñ§ä §ä§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§Ý§à§ã§î §á§à§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§ß§Ö, §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à §é§Ú§ã§ä§à§Û §Ó§à§Õ§Ö. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §å§Õ§â§å§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§à§Ô§Ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§á§í§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §ß§à §Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§æ§å.
§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §ï§ä§à §Õ§à§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú? §¬§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö §Ó ?§¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö§â§Ö? §¿§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä §¬§à§Ý§Ò§Ö§â§ä, §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô §´§à§Þ§Ñ§ã §·§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ý§Ú, §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§Ú §§à§ß§Õ§à§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ó§í§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §â§í§Ò§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ñ §Ó 1883 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã: ?§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§é§Ö§â§á§Ñ§ä§î §â§í§Ò§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í? §´§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ó§ã§ð §â§í§Ò§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú?? §°§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§ä §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã, §à§ß §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ã §ß§Ö§é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§Þ§à§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ: ?§³§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à, §Ó§ã§Ö §â§í§Ò§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í §Ú§ã§é§Ö§â§á§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à; §Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §é§ä§à §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §â§í§Ò§í §Ó §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ö1?.
§¬ §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à §à§ß §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ. §£ §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §â§í§Ò§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Þ§í§ã§Ö§Ý §Ú §ã§å§Ò§ã§Ú§Õ§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§í§Û §Ý§à§Ó (§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ø§ß§í§Û §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ó) §Ú§ã§ä§à§ë§Ú§Ý§Ú §â§í§Ò§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í. §®§à§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ï§Ü§à§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§å§ê§Ö, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ý§à§Ó (§Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §â§í§Ò§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§à§Ó§Ý§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ), §Ó§ä§à§â§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§å§Ø§Ö§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Þ§à§â§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ú, §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è, §Ó§ã§× §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ã§ê§ä§Ñ§Ò§ß§í§Ö §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§è§Ó§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§à§Ó, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç ¡ª §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ñ. §¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í, §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§ã§ä§à§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ. §®§í §á§à§é§ä§Ú §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ú§ä§à§Ó, §ä§å§ß§è§Ñ, §Ý§à§ã§à§ã§ñ, §ä§â§Ö§ã§Ü§å, §Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ, §á§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ô§à§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ý§í§Ü§Ñ§é§Ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §à§ä §ß§Ú§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó. §ª §Þ§í §ä§à§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ §à§ä §ß§Ú§ç, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ï§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §å§Þ§à§Ù§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§Ñ§â§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §â§í§Ò§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §Ò§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ñ, §Ñ §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß ¡ª §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §Ü §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð.
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1 Quoted in Elizabeth Kolbert, "'The scales fall: is there any hope for our overfished oceans?¡±, The New Yorker (2 August 2010).
2 Damien Cave and Justin Gillis, "Large sections of Australia's great reef are now dead, scientists find", New York Times, 15 March 2017.
3 Terry P. Hughes and others, ¡°Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals¡±, Nature, vol. 543, no. 7654 (16 March 2017). pp. 373-377 (373).
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