§¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §á§à §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§Ñ§Þ
§¥§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§í
§¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §á§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ (§±§ñ§ä§í§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä) §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú
§¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §á§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ (§±§ñ§ä§í§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä) §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§à§Ó §±§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ú 17, §¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§í IV, §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §¯§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Ò-§ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §±§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ó§í §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ã§é§Ö§â§á§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í.
§¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §á§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ (§¬§¬§¡§¢§£)
§¬§¬§¡§¢§£ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§à§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú, §Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ä §Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ó §Ö§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú 14 (I) §à§ä 13 §æ§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§Ý§ñ 1946 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. B §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§à §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä:
- §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §á§à §ß§Ö§Þ§å;
- §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó;
- §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§à§Ó §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û o §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç c §ï§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú;
- §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§à§Ó §à §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§é§Ö§ä§à§Ó §°§°§¯ §Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û.
§¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð (§¥§¤§¡§¬§µ)
§¥§¤§¡§¬§µ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§â§à§Þ§Ö §á§â§à§é§Ö§Ô§à, §Ù§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§à§Û, §å§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ, §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§Ö§ß§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§ä§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
§³§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §°§°§¯, §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §á§à §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ (§¥§¿§³§£)
§°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §³§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:
- §ã§Ò§à§â, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
- c§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û;
- §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ; §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö
- §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
§°§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §³§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §¥§¿§³§£ ¡ª §à§Ò§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §¬§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §á§à §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§Ñ§Þ.
§³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §°§°§¯
§¿§ä§à§ä §á§à§â§ä§Ñ§Ý §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Ó§Ö§Ò-§ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯, §Ö§Ö §æ§à§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ú §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯.
